At Telemachus' Gate

Andrew Foran
Faculty of Education
St. Francis Xavier University
E-mail: aforan@stfx.ca

ONE day, as he sat sad and disconsolate in the house of his father, the youth Telemachus saw a stranger come to the outer gate. There were many in the court outside, but no one went to receive the newcomer. Then, because he would never let a stranger stand at the gate without hurrying out to welcome him, and because, too, he had hopes that some day such a one would bring him tidings of his father, Telemachus rose up from where he was sitting and went down the hall and through the court and to the gate at which the stranger stood. (Colum, 1918)

That old yellow chalk

I tried hard to be a representative of the exemplar teaching I experienced as a student and a beginning teacher instructed in the proper ways of classroom methodology. I wanted to impart knowledge, but how? I spent many fraudulent classes pretending I was a teacher who understood my "place" within the classroom. I dressed the part, acted the part, and continued to plan my lessons to fulfill the part. On the surface I appeared to all a teacher, but on the inside, was I experiencing the absence of a lack of quality teaching--the passion, the classroom connection, the sense of community within the school? There were many instances when I did not want to turn to face my own class. These were the moments when my students were lost to me, and I was disconnected from the curriculum-as-lived (Aokie, 1990). I can still feel and hear the thud of my hands clapping together, trying to rid the evidence of yellow-chalk dust from my skin. In my mind I can see the dust drift up before my eyes clouding the social reality of myself as a teacher. In reliving that lesson, I still taste a strange residue at the back of my mouth, the pastiness of chalk dust! Mostly, I remember how strange, alien, foreign that old yellow chalk felt in my hands.

Teach as you were taught...

I remember coughing from the cloud of chalk dust I clapped free of my hands. I was aware of my hand's dismissive wave, fanning at the dust. Their eyes were watching, waiting for instruction. I recall staring back. This was teaching? I was incensed with them. Why didn't they understand? It was right there on the board. I told them for a second time. If they had paid attention there would have been no need to write it out for them. It was ridiculous. At that age and not being able to think for themselves. It was not that hard. They looked for any excuse not to do the work, or complain that it made no sense. How dare they say, "what's the point?" I felt lost! My heart was pounding and I knew that to speak was impossible. I wished for the moment to be gone before the questions could start. I was a stranger to myself! As I picked up the stack of assignments I could only see my fingers and the yellow stain of the chalk, embedded into the creases of my skin. (personal reflection)

Am I the alienated? A stranger? Impossible?

A deliberate reform in teaching practice has its origins in that old yellow chalk. "Strangeness" still presents itself when my reflections challenge the assumptions of my everyday practice and belief in teaching. Many have experienced strange sensations in a moment when "something just does not feel quite right." This is described as a bodily experience, a pathic connection, or even an emotional awareness that is elusive leaving us inarticulate. From that experience with the yellow chalk, my teaching became grounded in a "doing," "active," and "non-traditional" experiential approach of outdoor education. It seems the reformation has left me feeling strange, unsure and uncertain of my place in school. Was there a lack connected to some "unknown" rooted in "my transmission of knowledge" (Fleman, 1987, p. 71) as an outdoor educator? Was this Fleman's "unmeant knowledge that escapes intentionality and meaning" (p. 78) a source of doubt within my mind, recreating me, as a stranger of sorts? Thoreau (1906) provides insight in that the "stranger may easily detect what is strange...for the strange is his province" (p. 192).

Educationally, I am at a disadvantage because of "societies denial of the bodily experience...Our experiences are separated, and placed in [the] conceptual...mak[ing] it hard for us to listen to our bodily responses to the world" (Norberg-Hodge, 1997, p. 79). This forces me to question whether my educational practice has a place within traditional educational settings. Was I a faker, a fraud, a stranger or the alienated because I felt no true association with the current methods that are the accepted teaching strategies?

What is the lived experience of a teacher when they are the "stranger" in school?
After the first days at a new school, long after the staff introductions were formalized, I realized the gathering did not achieve the intended result. The staff was civil in their introductions to welcome the outsider, to begin the communal coexistence, known to one another not as strangers. This is the initial stage in making a "place" for oneself in the social order. Introductions are to alleviate any social uncertainties, allowing a natural acceptance of one another, and to begin the process of relationship building within the organization.

Self-reflection has provided me a glimpse that I may very well be "an individual who is a member of a system but who is not strongly attached to that system...the stranger [is] not completely accepted by other members of a system" (Rogers & Steinfatt, 1999, p. 40). I posit, that it may very well be my "practice" of education that creates the view of uncertainty, suspicion among my colleagues and even to myself. We fear what we do not know and without a true understanding we tend to find what is strange as threatening (Rogers & Steinfatt). For a beginning teacher this sense of alienation may very well be "a necessary experience in the formation of identity" (Levering & van Manen, 1996, p. 97). For it is within the experience of alienation that a person, including a child, has no one to face but his or her own "true sense" of self. Therefore, it may be appropriate to compare the developing child with the emerging teacher at the beginning of their career as a discovery of identity, as a struggle of acceptance, but alone. Merleau-Ponty (1964) indicates that it "is a conflict between the me as I feel myself and the me as I see myself or as others see me" (p. 137). Alienation is a probable result when the "self" senses, feels, and intuits the stranger within.

How can an existing member, an established teacher, become alienated? Gadamer (2002), draws upon Hegel's Propaedeutic to posethat a profession "demands that one give oneself to tasks that one would not seek out as a private aim...this includes overcoming the element in it that is alien to the particularity which is oneself, and making it wholly one's own" (p. 13). To some extent I find myself struggling to succeed in this "overcoming" by accepting traditional educational practices. The inability to do this places oneself "spiritually," in a universal sense, trapped within their recognition of themselves as the alien. "Every single individual who raises himself out of his natural being to the spiritual finds in the language, customs, and institutions of his people a pre-given body of material which, as in learning to speak, he has to make it his own" (Gadamer, p. 14). My social consciousness, if contrary to the established practice in education, will result in "loss and estrangement in relation to tradition" (Gadamer, p. 165). The estranged and alienation may be due to the resistance of the established traditions of educational practice, connected to my denial of the yellow chalk. Therefore, this tension between the one pole of accepted educational practice and the practice of outdoor education, within a traditional school, is potentially the source of estrangement. This tension that is experienced is in need of interpretation. Phenomenologically, it rests with my understanding of an alienated "lifeworld," to translate from text, my personal reflections, what is the lived experience of estrangement, and that of a stranger in the contemporary school system. Furthermore, it is important to understand why "the system" has created me a stranger, and then alienate me within my practice.

Don't talk to strangers

The concept of stranger has become a part of our cultural paranoia, "Do not talk to strangers!" "Stay away from strange places!" This preservation of self from engaging in the strange, or the heightened distrust of all strangers has become a reality of societal practice. This practice has even permeated into our children's entertainment, by becoming educational. Mass media has taken the responsibility to educate our children against the notion of potential threats that are inherent in our meetings with strangers. This can be witnessed in The Berenstain Bears Learn about Strangers (Berenstain, S. & Berenstain, J., 1985), and Barney's Favorites Volume 1 (Leach & DeShazer, 1993), "The Stranger Song." These are just a sample of the magnitude of material that exists for children. Furthermore, this obsession of the elusive, mysterious, dark, and dangerous stranger has followed us into our adulthood. The Deliberate Stranger (Chomsky, 1986), Stranger Inside, (Dunye, 2003), Eyes of a Stranger (Wiederhorn, 1995), and When a Stranger Calls (Walton (II), 2001), are designed to seduce us into the fear, intrigue, and power of the unknown that is synonymous with the stranger's domain. We can view these movies, invite the stranger into our lives without really ever placing ourselves in harms way. The stranger is always outside of our existence, removed from our being, the other! By viewing this genre of movie we can flirt with the stranger from the safety of the theater. This indulgence of "stranger" also reveals itself in music. A few examples would be, "Stranger in This Town" (Sambora, 1991), "Stranger" (Joel, 1998), and "Stranger in Town" (Seger, 1978). Our exposure to pop music reinforces the position of the "stranger" in social settings as an outcast. Once cast the stranger, it naturally forces one into a position of alienation, being estranged, the outsider, the interloper, and an educational intruder?

Well we all have a face
That we hide away forever
And we take them out and show ourselves
When everyone has gone
Some are satin, some are steel
Some are silk and some are leather
They're the faces of the stranger
But we love to try them on (Joel, 1998)

Could the students, as perceptive children tend to be, sense the teacher as the stranger, hiding behind the face of tradition? Were they able to detect a classroom struggle not be different, to be the same, to fit, to be a part, assimilated and seamless within the educational system? My early experiences as a teacher was one of hoping that I would become a "member," complete with full acceptance and time would be the process that would change my inner perception. As a teacher, open to reform and change, within instructional-experiential practices, I have experienced the "gate" waiting to be accepted, invited, and welcomed in school. "Be this the fate of the man who would shut his gate on the stranger, gentle or simple, early or late" (Cousins, 1922). What is the fate of education when teachers shut the gate? Regardless, I was determined to become a teacher of the "experiential," but refashioning myself would come with a price. I felt an excitement in accepting a non-traditional approach in teaching, but in retrospect there was a glimmer of fear. At one time or another we all have been a stranger, a visitor, or the "new kid in town." Once we become familiar to the landscape, achieve that "feel" for the lay of the land, we are able to settle in, and adjust by making connections with the long time residents in town. The difference in this lived experience was I was already a town resident, and I was going to leave everything I thought to be true from my studies about teaching. This was a conscious abandonment of my teacher identity formed from a "curriculum of sameness" (Carson & Johnston, 2001).

I became a stranger, but not outside the gate. I was inside the social framework of school, embedded within the system, but outside the accepted philosophy of what is deemed appropriate public education. My "lifeworld" as a teacher became subjugated by social positioning of "stranger" (Merton, 1972; Simmel 1921). Collins (1986) situates my social predicament as the "outsider within." My vantage point from a position of "marginalization," is to understand why this was possible. I have a "position that is capable of detecting aspects of social relations not accessible by those who are only outsiders or only insiders" (Harding, 2003, p. 293). Smith (1974) encourages me to examine this lived experience, for a genuine understanding of the constructed world is possible but only from "within." As the stranger I can "enter a world constituted from within as strange. The strangeness itself is the mode in which it is experienced" (Smith, as cited in Lemert, 1999, p. 389).

I have been a stranger in a strange land (Hebrew Exodus, 2:22)

I evolved from a stranger in a new school, to the alienated reformer. What happens to a teacher when they leave the fold to try new methods of instruction? Does the education system--the teaching community--alienate those who become reformists? We all have a need for understanding our own story and it is through the telling of our experiences that we can put shape to our own practices. What happens to our "place," within an established system, institution, or society itself, when our stories become different in the telling from those we are connected to as a supposed community?

The School Improvement Plan

As a part of the "School Improvement Plan" we were to share our curriculum innovations, plans, and declare involvement in the segment of the plan that was of interest. No one wanted to sign up with my Tactic, "Experiential Reform." What is wrong with them? It is a "doing" education. I am not asking them to revamp the entire English, Math, Social Studies, or Science curriculum. All I asked was to consider other ways to deliver--more-hands-on--active, getting the kids out of the desk! Why didn't this fly? I was professional; I gave them the best of the research, the theories, and the benefits from actual case studies. "How can this be evaluated Andrew?" "Interesting stuff, but we just do not have the time to be running around; we have a curriculum to cover." "I would love to, but there is no way I am bringing a group of kids outside, it would be chaos." "Is this real education? What I mean is it sounds more like recreation. Where does the academic fit?" (Personal Reflection)

The Other

"Experiential Education" is a methodology in education that is established as a distinct educational practice and supported by unique theoretical constructs (Warren, Sakofs, Hunt, Jr., 1995). However, the more I am engaged in school reform, inservicing, and colleague interactions, the more I questioned my practice and felt myself to be a "stranger as teacher" (Greene, 1973) again, long after my experience with the yellow chalk. Connected to the sensation of stranger were stronger feelings of alienation within my professional relations. From this intense sensation of alienation was the enveloping realization of isolation. Stemming from this struggle to reform curricular practice heightened my desire for a place to belong. It is almost as if the one alienated and cast the stranger, becomes powerless in the relations with others. The power of the community gaze (Foucault, 1979) is an exercise to exact the position of another. Is a different instructional practice enough to warrant "banishment" from the teaching community? It is probable that my continued reforming efforts may be rooted in a fundamental sense as a "desire for the Other to desire [the stranger]" (Fink, 1995, p. 58). I was trying to prove myself, as a stranger. I argued my position with academic research, educational language, and delved into every opportunity to "sell" my position.

Instructional reform in experiential practice, beyond outdoor education at the classroom level, was my establishment of a teaching identity. I have come to understand that I may be alienated and made to feel a stranger because I represent the possibility of change to the traditional system. Am I the stranger at the proverbial gate that confronts the face of tradition? By showing my true face of a different educational belief, I was resisted and alienated because I represent a threat of difference. I represented a practice in education that was not an accepted practice in traditional school settings.

Self-reflection, however, was only a partial examination of understanding my sense of being a stranger, and the alienation that I experienced in school. Why was I cast the stranger only to be alienated? Why did the Other have such difficulty in accepting my curricular position and teaching philosophy? Education was a place of learning, meaning, and understanding. Yet I was unable to explore the educational landscape of school for answers to satisfy the disassociation I experienced. I returned to University, in pursuits of a Masters in curriculum and instruction- a strange land of theory, in hopes to answer questions of classroom practice. In retrospect, I was grasping for some type of capital to preserve and protect my meager place in school, credentials to belong (Swartz, 1997).

And the Stranger will depart and return to the desert.
O my soul, be prepared for the coming of the Stranger,
Be prepared for him who knows how to ask questions. (Eliot, 1996)

Simmel (1971) classifies me as an unusual stranger, for I am not thewander who comes today and goes tomorrow, but rather...the man who comes today and stays tomorrow...The stranger is an element of the group itself, not unlike the poor and sundry "inner enemies"--an element whose membership within the group both being outside it and confronting it." (as cited in Lemert, p. 185)

As the stranger I possess the potential of curricular-instruction change, and because of this difference I "splinter" myself from the "interdependencies that [can] be created with others" (Hurst, p. 23, 2000). My presence is perceived as a threat, not a deep-dark threat, but a threat against the "curriculum of sameness." A stranger possesses the differences of the world, free of the entanglements of the existing system. The system fears differences; for we are afraid of, yet attracted to the messages of strangers from the outside (inside) because we instinctively know that this is the origin of possible and pure change. Simmel clarifies this in stating that the stranger has perception free of prejudice, and an understanding that may very well enclose "dangerous possibilities."

Xenophobia - the abject-the ob-ject

STRANGER! if you, passing, meet me,
and desire to speak to me, why should you not speak to me?
And why should I not speak to you? (Whitman, 1900)

Clandinin (1985) legitimizes my position as an experiential educator because all teachers are "active holders of knowledge, as well as agents in the reality of the classroom and the conceptualization of personal practical knowledge" (p. 9). However, within a traditional school setting I had no one to talk, plan, create curriculum with. There existed no learning community for me. I did not share the same culture. I may as well have been a foreigner, a visiting traveler, and a plundering nomad ignorant of cultural nuances. I desired to articulate the rational principles of my current practice of experiential education through our common educational understanding. The sharing of "outside" knowledge was to give way to an accepted way of knowing and teaching. This knowledge could express a more embodied education that speaks to the spiritual, intellectual, emotional, social and physical development of a teaching community. How could a concept of outdoor education become a "dangerous possibility?"

Upon entering union with staff members, I would face the onslaught of sneers, jokes and hints at offensive humor regarding my position. "Back from your fun Andrew?" "Always playing in the woods eh!" "Are you ever going to get a real job one of these days?" To make matters worse, I did not share a curricular history, an intellectual interest or instructional commonality to feel a part of this learning community.

A sharing community

The "man of the wild" label leads to many misconceptions and fallacies. I do not even know how to talk to the teachers in my school. The focus of their discussions always center on their expertise. They never open the conversation to my areas of teaching. I am not able to share my background in teaching. How am I supposed to work with Nancy's group? I have always managed to miss these days, claiming the need that to be inserviced in my "teachable" required seeking instruction and immersion off-site. This inservice was unavoidable for the focus was the school improvement plan and attendance was mandatory. The gathering was a forum to share our personal vision of school improvement. Staring at my hand, I see my pen waiting to write and my vision locked onto the mission statement of the school. I see the tips of my fingers stained with from many days spent in the outdoors. After staring long enough I swear I see a hint of yellow bleeding through. (Personal Reflection)

The fringe

Teaching outdoor education has positioned my practice in a place of the non-traditional. I exist as a teacher in the fringes of education. My practice is not suited for a traditional school. The academic solution to teaching and my belief of experiential practice severs me from truly being in the academic-scholastic world. As a beginning teacher, I knew there had to be a different way to learn, away from the test, the desk, free of text as the deity of knowledge. Still I ask how can I situate my practice, as a teacher, in the current education system that alienates those that are different?

Working with non-traditional teaching methods has positioned me on the fringes of the teaching community and I have come to understand that "[t]eaching experientially can be lonely" (Morrison-Shetlar & Heinrich, 1999, p. 10). The notion of the educational fringe is understood as teachers living on an edge. "That edge is made lonely by the fact that experiential teaching approaches are still viewed with suspicion in many departments and risky because promotion and tenure committees may value more traditional teaching methods" (p. 5). Alienation is deeply rooted on that educational edge.

My collegial relations revealed that I was not a part of my staff philosophically or in practice. What is it about my educational practice that my community of teachers rejects? Am I the abject of the ob-ject, (Oliver, 1993)? "It lies there, quite close, but it cannot be assimilated. It beseeches, worries, and fascinates desire, which, nevertheless, does not let itself be seduced. Apprehensive, desire turns aside: sickened, it rejects...a vortex of summons and repulsions places the one haunted by it literally beside himself" (Kristeva, 1982, p. 1). Is outdoor education, the experiential, too unpredictable for acceptance? Does educational system deny of the bodily experience, perpetuating the dualism that separates body and mind? Is it the strange practice of the experiential, the outdoors, the dirty-unknown wilderness, and the other side of the Cartesian dichotomy- the body? "It is thus not lack of cleanliness or health that causes abjection but what disturbs identity, system, order. What does not respect borders, positions, rules" (Kristeva, 1982, p. 4). "Abjection arises when something that cannot be literally rejected is nonetheless cast in ambiguity and left "outside" what symbolic culture deems legitimate" (MacPherson, 2001, p. 207). I am a victim of xenophobia because my practice exists "outside" of the traditional school. I can understand the fear strangers bring because we have been taught to distrust the "unknown," but I was one of their own. I sensed this rejection on numerous occasions during inservices and staff room visits. I looked the part, played the role, but when mixed with the staff, a strange sensation would push into my consciousness, leaving me powerless. I sensed aloneness.

Isolation

"There is no loneliness greater than the loneliness of a failure. The failure is a stranger in his own house" (Hoffer, 1955, p. 20). The perfect place to put an outdoor educator is out of site, away from the everyday flow in education. Out of sight, out of mind. Room 231 was not a classroom. It was too small. Historically, it was the school's depository. The VP thought it was the best place for me to establish my practice. This, however, was only to preserve tradition. They had to put me somewhere. I soon learned why 231 became the record room in the first place.

Compounding the small area to facilitate lessons, was the oppressive heat, and fumes from the boiler stationed in the basement below 231. That area of the school happened to be condemned. I was in no position to complain, for I had a probationary contract, was new to the school, had no department to support me, and the very person who slated me into room 231 was in control of the hiring. I was on my own, isolated from the rest of the school, the teachers, and student body other than those who were enrolled in my class.

Room 231

Finally my own room! I even have a key. I have waited for this day since graduation. This makes it all worth it, three years bouncing from school to school, program to program, and here room to room. Now I have a place to call my own- Room 231. I think Peter is right, its good that I am at the back of the school, I can come and go unheeded. This will be easier for me. I know it is a bit small, but I am just thankful. The school did not have to clear out the Guidance Records. They did this for me. I even have my own desk. With a bit of cleaning and decorating, I will have this old room looking like a real classroom, a classroom for outdoor education. This will be perfect for storing my gear, supplies, and it will serve well for a meeting place.(Personal Reflection)

Being-in-the-world with Others

Being-in-a-school did not result in "having a place." Room 231 was segregation from the main population. Personally, it was an experience that caused me to be "factically torn away from" (Heidegger, 1962, p. 222) self. "[T]his alienation drives it into a kind of Being which borders on the most exaggerated "self-dissection," tempting itself with all possibilities of explanation...This alienation closes off" (Heidegger, p. 222) from authenticity of self and forces an inauthenticity of self. This alienation positions a teacher to doubt their practice. Through isolation and disconnection from the community, the focus becomes an attempt in trying to explain the justifications for alienation--is my method of instruction appropriate? The alienated exist in a state of mental entanglement, which becomes a potent source of lack, doubt of one's place in a community, even the belief, despite the rational, that one is a stranger in their own school.

Alienation, rooted in isolation, causes the 'I' of my being to constantly struggle in my relation with Being-in-the-world with Others (Heidegger, p. 155). I then experience an anxiety that is caused by my Being in a mode of existence that is "nothing and nowhere" and possibly expressed as a feeling that one would have if they sensed "not-being-at-home" in the world (Heidegger, p. 233). Once tagged the stranger, the alienated, how can one find community within the system? "After the primordial phenomenon of Being-in-the-world has been shattered, the isolated subject is all that remains" (p. 250).

The inauthentic 'I'

Outdoor education, specifically, experiential education, was an attempt to reform a teaching practice, but the incorporation of this strategy left me with a sensation of lack. I have heard many times as a graduate student that we write from a lack. I have never given this an honest questioning or even a superficial examination. What do I lack in my teaching experience? Is the lack (Evans, 1996: Lacan, 1979) I am feeling emanating from the educational concept of outdoor education? The lack and the alienation that I live with seem to be intimately connected as a "gift" which "robs us of certainty and takes a bite out of ego and body" (Ragland-Sullivan, 1991, p. 75). I sense that the origins of lack to be a secret place in my "lifeworld" that makes me the teacher of the fringes. Questioning my pedagogical belief is a grasping for reflexive understanding of who I am as a teacher within the current system of education.

Acceptance

Experiential education is just another way to teach. It's more then just running around in the woods. Why can't they see that? No matter how hard I try, they just shut me out. I do not know why I even bother going to our Social Studies Dept. meetings. They told me if I wanted, I could go with the Phys-Ed. Dept. because they tend to be more active. All I ever wanted was to work with a group of teachers willing to try new curricular approaches. This won't happen here. The problem is if I leave this school, I know it will not be any different somewhere else. These people do not want to make any changes. They do not want to hear new things. Keep your mouth shut; say no more at the Dept. meetings. (Personal Reflection)

das Gerede - talk

Do I belong to a community of those who have nothing in common (Lingis, 1994)?

To speak in order to establish one's own rightness is to speak to silence the other. Yet Socrates from the beginning excluded the possibility of establishing one's own rightness. Communication is an effort to silence not the other, the interlocutor, but the outsider: the barbarian... (Lingis, p. 97).

How often do we do this, to others, in our everyday meetings with those outside our immediate world? "Every new sentence also continues the bending, extending, and deforming of the code...communication is only possible between two persons used to the same...forms, trained to code and decode a meaning by using the same key..." (Lingis, p. 105). How often do we extend the key to others, the stranger? Or do we protect the key, preserving our power within the community. Lingis challenges the impression of extending the key:

One sees communication as a continuation of violence, but with other means. One sees in the dialectical cadence of communication, proceeding by affirmation and contestation, an interval in which each makes himself other than the other, when one sees each one speaking in order to establish the rightness of what he says. (p. 71).

Alienated in silence, for the stranger has no voice in a community that rejects and resists the outsider, eliminating hope to gain access in an accepting community. I am voiceless, even though I speak the language. I am not a traveler, a foreigner, visiting a strange land. Yet I have the same struggles as one from another culture trying to create their place in a new country. Teaching experientially situated my own practice as if I were speaking a different tongue or was from another culture radically different from the school community. This inability to communicate made me a stranger to myself for I could no longer trust my own words, I was silent and lacking...In confronting a lack I sensed an uneasiness of powerful alienation. Is there "space" within the current school system to embrace an educational practice that is experiential? Questioning the lack allows me to illuminate possible areas of "meaningful reflection" within my teaching practice. This "inward" focus (Pinar, 1972) on my teaching opens assumed understandings and personal meaning to scrutiny. Pedagogically, I am committed to lessons of "authenticity" (North Whitehead, 1967; Dewey, 1938) that the outdoors can provide. I knew this was not going to be possible in a traditional-school setting.

The day I discovered outdoor education marked the moment I abandoned my past notion of teaching and the identity of the traditional teacher (Taubman, 1992). However, from that moment onward there has always been a "strange sensation of lack" surrounding my decision to reform my curricular practice. I was liberated in one sense, in teaching with methods that satisfied my teaching style, but felt abandoned in another way. My philosophy became a driving force to continue reforming curricular practices, but the result was absolute alienation in the lack of community. Like Horatio, in Shakespeare's (1982) Hamlet, I need to learn to accept the stranger is not always welcome.

The legal Alien...

By accepting the fact that I may be the outsider, because of philosophy and instruction, confirms my position of "being-in-the-world" as a teacher that is alienated. This feeling of "alienation is not just a private emotion that we suffer inwardly... Alienation creates a radical hunger for the world" (Bai, 2001,p. 12). To think that I am viewed as something that does not belong to the teaching community is disturbing. Through writing, I may satisfy the lack, and allow language to "endlessly evoke and utter the unutterable, to map the uttered and to expose the absence under the fading presence of the world" (Taubman, 1993, p. 288). Pinar (1975) presents the alienation of personal reality due to the impersonality of school groups, to result in a "shell of human possibility" (p. 381). I am compelled to venture outside of educational theory and examine the social theorists that range from Marx, Weber, Simmel and an assortment of other leading theories to help quell the lack by proving potential explanations for the "lifeworld" of an alienated teacher.

In alienation I have maintained a struggle for a genuine community. As a stranger I have become disconnected from the pedagogic support of my peers. There is a compelling need to know why, and to understand one's "place" in a social framework. I must find peace within my practice as a teacher to prevent the same alienation, steeped in fear of anonymity, and spiritual doubt that victimizes Meursault in Camus's (1955) compelling and troubling tale of The Stranger. Unlike Meursault, the cause of my alienation is unknown. I am a credentialed teacher, not a barbarian, or some ignorant invader from the horde? My educational papers are consistent with the market status (Collins, 1988). I belong to the "order of teachers," my credentialed education should prevent me from being estranged, a victim of exclusionary closure (Murphy, 1994, p. 102). How can a teacher become excluded, shut out, from their very own system? I should have similar access to "power, resources, rewards, and privileges" (Murphy, p. 107)? I should enjoy the benefits of membership in a status group? The alienation experienced could be due to the exclusion despite the credentials, resulting in the absence of the expected "style of life," a claim by those "wishing to belong to the circle" (Murphy, p. 108). Why has social perception classified me as something strange, to be avoided, resisted? Do I pose the threat of uncertainty as the stranger? My "license of practice" did not buy my way into membership within the overall system.

The labour of teaching

Do I even have a real job? Is outdoor education real teaching? I get paid from the board, they signed a contract with me, but yet, there is no connection here. What is it with my position? Am I not a teacher, I have the same, and more education than most. I take my efforts as professional; my work is valuable to kids. I never even get a chance to really share with others what I do. Inservice is just "talk." If I could show them, they may see and understand that what I do is not so different. They would see the benefits of an experiential approach as another method. That however is impossible. The schedule divides us, and the pressure of time is subject focus. You are English, Math, Science or you are on the fringe. Even Social Studies is one of the "core." I produce kids that are competent learners, and are knowledgeable. So what is the problem? Is not the end product of education to have critical thinkers, decision makers, those that can cooperate as responsible citizens? Is that not the measure of quality that we ascribe to the graduate? Do I not contribute to this? Are not my efforts, my pains of labour producing students for today, and citizens for tomorrow? I have the paper, and the paycheck that says so. So what if how I do the job is slightly different from the rest. That is no reason to exclude me from the everyday of this school. (Personal Reflection)

Societal roots

I want to employ social theory to "reject overarching, limiting principles and open itself to the world of differences" to discover a sensible, pragmatic version, understanding of the lived experience of alienation (Lemert, 1999, p.16). How could I be alienated? I have the education, the degrees, the advanced degrees, but yet I am cast outside the fold. The teachers of the system have yet to extend the invitation by offering a handshake of acceptance. They sense the stranger, for I must exude something that is detectable only to them, within the system they control. Lemert encourages me to use language for it "is the most important weapon for the weak" (p. 18). I will speak from the alienated, for one on the outside is oppressed, and within my imprisonment, I will speak for continued reform, even if it is hushed words on this page.

Is the power of oppression, causing my lived experience of alienation, forcing the status of stranger upon my practice as an outdoor educator? Is this the result of my type of employment? "The alienation of the worker in his product means not only that his labour becomes an object, an external existence, but that it exists outside him, independently, as something alien to him, and that it becomes a power of its own confronting him" (Lemert, p. 31). Marx would position my experience as estrangement (Tucker, 1978). This contributes to my loss of reality due to my labour becoming bonded to as an "object of production." Payment for my efforts merely exacerbates a poorer existence of my inner world. This estrangement is a result of producing labour (education of students) as a professional activity. According to Marx, it is my very act (work) as the factor in alienation for it is capitalism that severs me from that in which I wish to belong. The act of teaching "becomes an alien power" and I succumb only to be enslaved (Hurst, p. 23). This self-estrangement is a disembodiment to a spiritual essence, from my relations with others, and my sense of essence. What is left is the lack due to alienation and existing as a stranger in society. Thus one has to wonder, if Engels is correct in understanding of civilization wrought with greed as a driving force (Tucker). Does this compulsion to want money, contribute to an unspoken class within school. Is there a class system within education, based on licensing (equal to money), levels of labour, to desirable positions creating a class of teachers that are oppressed because of the seemingly divided structure in schools?

This experience of alienation may be closer to Weber's explanation of domination of a special group over those with their control of policy (Roth & Wittich, 1978). To be alienated one would not be a part of the "status order," which becomes the controlling group for power within the community. "One of the principal characteristics of a status system are the boundaries that are drawn around groups to distinguish their members from outsiders" (Hurst, p. 136). This extends past the Marxian explanation of class because my sense of alienation is not entirely dependent on property; rather my lifeworld of stranger is a result of "status situation" that has for me no honor or distinction (Roth & Wittich). It could very well be the experience of stranger, becoming the lived experience of alienation that may be associated with "parvenu." This is the experience of non-acceptance by the privileged status group "no matter how completely his style of life has been adjusted to theirs. They will only accept his descendents who have been educated in the conventions of their status group..." (Lemert, p. 123).

This becomes the social reality, understanding the disassociation, the detachment of one's place within the social order. This sense is immediately felt; it is not mere curiosity of what could be wrong in particular social arrangement. The realization of stranger comes with the responses from Others. They misunderstand statements (unintentional and intentional), or refuse to accept your knowledge as valid. They lack interest in maintaining an open dialogue, often trying to escape the path of conversation. This is realized in the avoidance of eye contact, the strained responses, and the absence of contributing to sharing in the overall nature of the verbal exchange. This social encounter is so different from that experience when engaged with friends, colleagues that share a personal history and respect the views and professional contributions.

Simmel expressed the experience of the stranger adequately by claiming that a stranger by nature is metaphorically, landless, in terms of possible space that exists for members of a social environment (Levine, 1971). Simmel expressed that in education harmony between the members would provide strength and unity "because their interests coincide" (Rothstein, 1996, p. 143). The relationship of the stranger then is outside the group, the one who confronts the establishment. The stranger "is fixed within a certain spatial circle...analogous to spatial boundaries...but his position within it is fundamentally affected by the fact that he does not belong in it initially and that he brings qualities into it that are not, and cannot be, indigenous to it" (Lemert, p. 184).

In short, a teacher contained within the boundaries of the classroom divisions, subject matter segregation, and accepted intellectual alliances- the bounded group. This is not so much to do with the individuality of social constructions (Levine), but that of the alien-the Other.

The duality of the stranger or the social member is Self and Other. De Beauvoir reminds us that "[in] small-town eyes all persons not belonging to the village are "strangers" and suspect" (Lemert, p. 338). However, I do belong, I am a teacher, a so-called member of the educational landscape, not some foreigner of the "countryside." How then can a member become alienated, and made to feel, or be forced into the part of the community stranger? De Beauvoir reminds the strangers of the world that it is privilege and the status that comes with being the One, which is dependent on the numbers of the majority. Do I experience alienation because I do not have the supporting numbers of the social order to condone an experiential-outdoor practice in mainstream education?

Fur Sich

Being-in-the-world is accepting the notion of a "world-system [as] a social system, one that has boundaries, structures, member groups, rules of legitimation, and coherence" (Wallerstein, 1976, p. 229). This acknowledgment presents that the alienated must grapple with social divisions, classes and with this class-consciousness (fÊr sich). Alienation could stem for those of differing practices in education due to habitus- the collective practices, history, perception, thought, action, to ensure correctness (Bourdieu, 1990). Alienation may be experienced because, as Bourdieu theorizes, habitus is the genesis of a system, the life style, common sense behaviors, that are sanctioned. Is alienation the expected lifeworld when cultural knowledge of teaching is abandoned? "Education's virtual monopoly over recruitment, training, and promotion of personnel allows the educational system to adapt its programs and activities to its own specific needs for self-perpetuation" (Swartz, 1997, p. 206). Then, it may be that when a teacher does abandon "curriculum of sameness," they are counter to fÊr sich, and a threat against habitus. To be a member, fully, one would have to accept the confinement and restraining nature of the educational system. Is this alienation Giddens, (1990) dis-places of modernity? I have a school, but no real place within it, regardless of Room 231. I have the appropriate credentials, but not the association of a professional organization, just in name, Teacher-Class 6.

... one cannot be happy in exile or in oblivion.
One cannot always be a stranger.
I want to return to my homeland, make all my loved ones happy. (Camus)

Within The Stranger, Camus brought up many questions and a few answers. He created an outsider to society, Meursault, and showed us how he lived. Meursault was always indifferent. Meursault saw the purpose of life to be meaningless. The stranger is created to challenge our notions of reality, divinity, and universal law. I believe that Camus wants us to see this and begin questioning our existence. Camus shows that you can "hope" for the best without hope. "Hope" is optimism. Is teaching experientially within traditional education hopeless? Am I subjecting myself to an alienated-hopeless position within the educational system? Unlike Meursault, I see purpose and have hope, but sometimes a stranger is needed to bring messages from the outside in order for us to learn. Am I the real stranger, with a message of reform or is it the "system" that has become strange to me. The stranger in history was a messenger, the bearer of new information from the outside world.

The knock

I rarely get visitors. I pretty much have the entire wing to myself. There it was again, a gentle little knock, a tap, tap tap. Who could be at my door? This can only mean one thing, bad news. As I opened my door, I saw a bearded face and bashful smile. It was Peter. Now what would bring a V.P. to this room? He has only been here once, when he dropped me off on my first day. "Can I come in?" (Personal Reflection)

To find a home

There was a stranger at my gate and I opened it, welcoming him I invited him in. I share in Taubman's (2000) educational vision of hope that is "attune[d] to the thick meanings that we make with our students" (p. 26). Within the meanings comes a learning community, a place to belong. Meaning in teaching is the hopes in belonging to a supportive community where practice is respected. After my unexpected guest departed I sat in disbelief. My services were being requested for the school community needed me. His exact words were, "Do you think you could create an "outdoor sort of thing" for the marginal kids? You know, the ones that are not quite making it. We have a large group of at-risk youth, delinquent, non-conformists. You know the type I mean." Why is it when the inner world of a community is challenged, unravels or begins to falter, the members begin the search to the "outside" for solutions?

In the mercantile port cities of Greece, strangers arrive who ask the Greeks, Why do you do as you do? In all societies where groups of humans elaborate their distinctiveness, the answer was and is, because our fathers [and mothers] have taught us to do so, because our gods have decreed that it be so. Something new begins when the Greeks begin to give into reason that the stranger, who does not have these fathers and these gods, can accept, a reason that any lucid mind can accept. (Lingis, p. 3)

"I must confess that his society was at first irksome; but ... I now have hope that he may become a stranger of the gate" (Eldad the Pilgrim, Old Testament). The ancient practice of honoring strangers with hospitality and kindness rarely exists in postmodern society. I hope to make myself welcomed in the academic world with an experiential approach that is accepted for all students, not just the at-risk. This attempt to connect and blend our approaches in educational delivery can be viewed as reformist or progressive and as an attempt to teach as Dewey intended in learning experiences. "The real lack is what the living being loses..." (Lacan, 1979, p.153). Did I lose membership with the continued adoption of experiential methods? I have the credentials, the papers, and the degrees to rightfully claim my place within the system. What is the ground of truce between experience-based learning and academic learning? Can both have a shared place in the educational setting? Can one approach be effective without the other? Do genuine experiences and academics enhance the learning when combined? Still today I wonder if that was my moment of acceptance, the moment I found a home for my educational practice. Some how I am not entirely confident, but at least it is a start.

Opening the gate

In the world of Socrates and Plato's Sophist, the stranger, the philosopher and traveling thinker would challenge the questions of expertise, ability, and know-how of the "inside world." I am sure today they would challenge the education system by asking which subjects are solid, which are trivial, and the best methods to achieve student learning. The pursuit of the sophist gives the stranger an occasion to chart human expertise, mounting a critique of the inventory of human employments. There was a need for strangers; they were welcomed at the gate, invited in, and with hospitality, made to feel a part of the community, even only for a short time. Their message was honored and appreciated, for society welcomed knowledge and new challenging thoughts from the outside world. This was a time when strangers were treated kindly.

Then an aged Councilor who was there spoke to the King.
" O Alcinous," he said, "it is not right that a stranger
should sit in the ashes ... Bid the stranger rise now" (Colum)

I am placing faith in the promise of hospitality. The experiential approach will be the teaching modality that will bring the "face-to-face" encounter of the subject (the experiential, the body, the doing) and Other (the rational- the mind, the teaching community). It is hoped that an experiential practice will allow the mind and body to belong together again in curative unison to achieve a "healing and the end of alienation" (Bai, 2001, p. 18). Alienation could "give... rise to a pure possibility of being" (Fink, p. 52). Therefore, the creation of this text and language was the effort to expose lack in "the search for original meaning" (Ragland-Sullivan & Bracher, 1991, p. 17) of the alienated teacher. My account is the experience of a teacher facing the lack of belonging to an accepting professional community. True to Lacan's teachings, I have tried to negotiate words, meanings and language in "madness" (Ragland-Sullivan & Bracher, p. 11). I do not want to be the distrusted, the feared, and a stranger in my own house. The stranger for me was that old yellow chalk. However, in our world the ostracism of strangers is sanctioned, for the strange is unwanted. I do have hope that Zeus will protect me in the teachings of philxenia- love of the stranger. May I too find my Telemachus and end the alienation.

"Welcome to the house of Odysseus," said Telemachus giving him his hand. The stranger clasped it with a friendly clasp. [Both could see the stained yellow hands.] "I thank you, Telemachus," he said, "for your welcome, and glad I am to enter the house of your father, the renowned Odysseus." (Colum)

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